Conversion and the Sufi saints
The Islamisation of the Punjabi Jutts was gradual and owed more to the great Sufi khanqahs than to any conquest. The shrines of Baba Farid at Pakpattan, Bahauddin Zakariya at Multan and countless local pirs drew the clans of the bars into the fold of Islam between the thirteenth and seventeenth centuries. Clan traditions across Punjab preserve the memory of ancestors who accepted Islam at the hands of particular saints — and the annual urs fairs at these shrines remained great gatherings of the biradari for centuries.
Clan states and chiefdoms
As Delhi's authority ebbed and flowed, Jutt clans built real political power. The Langah dynasty ruled the Sultanate of Multan for nearly a century (c. 1445–1540). The Sials established their state at Jhang, dominating the middle Chenab for generations and giving Punjab the immortal romance of Heer Ranjha — Heer of the Sials of Jhang, Ranjha of the Ranjhas of Takht Hazara. The Kharals held the Ravi bar country; the Tiwanas and Noons rose in the Salt Range tract; the Gondals gave their name to the Gondal Bar.
The backbone of Mughal Punjab
Mughal revenue records treat the Jutt clans as the essential cultivating class of Punjab — the zamindars and village founders on whom the whole agrarian order rested. Emperors granted clan chiefs revenue rights and titles; clan villages multiplied along the rivers; and the pattern of Punjabi rural society that survives today — the clan village, the shared well, the biradari council — took its lasting shape in these centuries.